Nick Louth predicts on housing

More house price falls to come
By Nick Louth, exclusive to MSN
November 13 2008
The big rise in unemployment this week and the Bank of England's admission that Britain is in recession are clear reminders that those hoping for a quick end to falling house prices are likely to be disappointed.
Whether we look at other housing booms in the UK, experience in other countries, or the relationship between the economy and house prices, evidence suggest we are still a considerable way from the bottom.
The UK economy in depth
Recession for real"It is very likely that the economy entered a recession in the second half (of 2008)," Bank governor Mervyn King said. He said that the economy could shrink by 2% next year, compared with the broadly flat forecast the bank had previously. Earlier, a 140,000 rise in the jobless total in September put unemployment at 1.82 million, the highest in 11 years.
Those who lose their jobs are of course under immediate pressure on mortgage payments, but those who merely fear their jobs are under threat are more likely to act more cautiously too. That means fewer new buyers, delays in transactions and a temptation for sellers to lower asking prices.
Why the recession is needed immediately
Average prices drop, more to comeAverage UK house prices peaked at just under £200,000 in August 2007, according to the Halifax. Prices in October, at £168,000 were 16% down from this, matching levels last seen three years ago.
Nationwide, the largest building society in the country, reckons prices will fall by 25% in total, and there may be no bounce-back before 2010, according to chief executive Graham Beale
Based on the Halifax index, that would put average prices down to £150,000. However, it could easily be a lot worse because of the size of the bubble that preceded the August 2007 peak and the severity of the current economic downturn.
Bubbles past and presentThe last slide in UK house prices was a rather modest affair, though it lasted six years from May 1989 to July 1995. House prices as measured by the Halifax fell by 13%, from an average of £70,000 to £61,000 over the period. That might be a comforting precedent, except that it is already clear that the UK has in one year experienced a house price fall which took six years to occur in the 1990s. And it is still getting worse.
The difference this time is that we have had a major banking crisis which has rationed credit, while a recession is building which looks to be in a different league to the modest economic slowdown of the early 1990s.
Research by professor Morgan Kelly of University College Dublin shows that house price bubble across the world have similar characteristics. On average prices lose 70% of the gains made from trough to peak before bottoming out. This research is backed up by an international study made by the Bank of International Settlements in 2004, which found a strong positive correlation between the size of a housing bubble and the subsequent fall.
The doomsday scenario?So if Professor Kelly's 70% figure is accurate, where would that leave UK house prices? The last downturn in the housing market ended in July 1995, when average prices according to the Halifax were £61,000. That gain, trough to peak over 12 years, is £139,000. So if this is a typical bubble, the fall would be 70% of that, £97,000, taking the price of the average house at the low to just £103,000.
There are plenty who would see this as too much of a doomsday scenario, especially as houses would become affordable long before such low prices were reached. House prices have averaged 4.0 times average earnings over the long term, and since prices peaked the ratio has already dropped from 5.84 to 4.92 in August.
"Housing affordability is improving significantly," said Martin Ellis, chief economist at the Halifax. "The house price to average earnings ratio has fallen below 5.0 for the first time for four and a half years. We expect a further improvement in the ratio over the coming months."
Affordability issueIf average earnings do not change, which is itself a hefty assumption given the recession we are entering, prices would hit the long-term affordability average with a further 20% fall.
The trouble with this argument is that once houses became an investment asset, with the buy-to-let boom of the late 1990s, they became subject to the same speculative forces that drive share prices.
Instead of being guided by "fundamentals" such as the ratio of income to price, they were driven by price expectations. What that implies is that we can expect an overshoot, in which prices having been way above typical affordability averages for several years, then spend some time well below them.
Mortgage troubles drag onOne additional difficulty this time around is in mortgage finance. Though the Bank of England has cut interest rates sharply, stubbornly high inter-bank rates mean that rates offered to borrowers have yet to fall significantly. With buyers having to stump up larger deposits too, and credit generally harder to come by, this augurs badly for those who expect prices to soon stabilise.
Weakening activity underlines this. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors said its sale-to-stock ratio, which measures transactions as a proportion of homes offered for sales, fell in October to the lowest level since December 1992. This seems to reflect a mis-match between the asking prices of sellers, and what buyers are willing or able to spend.
Some commentators, however, see the gloomy headlines as far too alarmist. One is Stuart Law, chief executive of property investment specialist Assetz.
"Our view is that house prices will drop by around a total of 10 to 15% from the peak this time last year, based on the Financial Times house price index data," he said. "We therefore think that prices will fall no further than a further 5% or 10% at most."
The FT Index, which uses the actual mix of property in England and Wales, rather than the mix based on sales, has recorded only a 4.3% fall in the year to September, less than half that recorded by most other indices.
Law noted that the complexities of the housing market produce some temporary pricing effects. "Auction pricing and distressed house builders are selling for much greater discounts than is visible within the house price indices," he said. "Even today we are sourcing property from house builders at greater than 30% discount to current valuation, never-mind from peak value last year."
The good news for most...The one piece of good news is that for most people, most of the time, house prices don't matter. You need a home to live in, and higher or lower prices are reflected both in the home you sell and the one you purchase. For first-time buyers, where they have job security, falling prices remain good news to be taken advantage of.
However, for those who have purchased recently, over-stretched buy-to-let investors, those who are having trouble making mortgage payments and those who have lost their jobs, price falls mean trouble. The fear of negative equity - in which the value of the home sinks below the size of the mortgage - ensures a cash loss if the home has to be sold.
The more prices fall in the months and years to come, the more people are going to be facing that anxiety.